# 第三册 Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神

## 一、课文原文

Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| goddess | /ˈɡɒdes/ | n. | 女神 | god 男神，~ of... ...的女神 |
| archaeologist | /ˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ | n. | 考古学家 | archaeology 考古学 |
| Aegean | /ɪˈdʒiːən/ | adj. | 爱琴海的 | the ~ Sea 爱琴海 |
| explore | /ɪkˈsplɔː/ | v. | 探索，考察 | ~ sth. 探索某地/某事物 |
| promontory | /ˈprɒməntri/ | n. | 海角，岬 | 伸入海中的陆地 |
| prosperous | /ˈprɒspərəs/ | adj. | 繁荣的，昌盛的 | prosperity n. 繁荣 |
| civilization | /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ | n. | 文明 | a high level of ~ 高度文明 |
| drainage | /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/ | n. | 排水系统 | drain v. 排水 |
| sacred | /ˈseɪkrɪd/ | adj. | 神圣的 | ~ place 圣地 |
| fragment | /ˈfræɡmənt/ | n. | 碎片，残片 | ~s of... ...的碎片 |
| reconstruct | /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/ | v. | 重建，修复 | re- + construct 重新构建 |
| graceful | /ˈɡreɪsfəl/ | adj. | 优雅的 | grace n. 优雅 |
| identity | /aɪˈdentɪtɪ/ | n. | 身份 | identify v. 确认身份 |
| worship | /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ | n./v. | 崇拜，敬神 | a place of ~ 礼拜场所 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 被动语态的运用

课文大量使用被动语态，突出发现的客观性：

| 主动 | 被动 | 语用效果 |
|------|------|----------|
| Archaeologists made a discovery | A discovery was made by archaeologists | 强调发现而非发现者 |
| Someone found clay pipes | Clay pipes were found beneath the streets | 强调出土物本身 |

### 2. must have been 表推测

*The city at one time **must have been** prosperous*
*This head **must have been** found in Classical times*

| 推测形式 | 时态 | 例句 |
|----------|------|------|
| must have been | 对过去的肯定推测 | It must have rained last night. |
| may have been | 对过去的不确定推测 | It may have been lost. |
| can't have been | 对过去的否定推测 | It can't have been easy. |

### 3. 双破折号插入语

*Houses — often three storeys high — were built of stone.*

双破折号用于插入补充说明，作用类似于括号但更醒目。

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. "An interesting discovery was made by archaeologists..."
- **句型**：被动语态开篇，突出"发现"本身
- **仿写**：An important decision was made by the committee.

### 2. "When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that..."
- **句型**：When... 主句 + be amazed to find that 惊讶地发现
- **仿写**：When we analyzed the data, we were amazed to find that the results contradicted our hypothesis.

### 3. "Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed..."
- **句型**：Despite + n. 尽管...（= In spite of）
- **注意**：despite后不可加of，直接接名词/动名词
- **仿写**：Despite the rain, they continued the match.

### 4. "The goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman."
- **句型**：turn out to be 结果是/原来是
- **仿写**：The stranger turned out to be an old friend.

## 五、课文翻译

不久前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古学家们有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队考察了位于阿伊亚·伊里尼海角上的一座古城中的一座神庙。这座古城一度一定很繁荣，因为它享有高度的文明。房子一般有三层楼高，用石块建造。里面有很大的房间，墙壁装饰得很美观。这座城市有排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道下面发现了很多陶管。

考古学家们考察的这座神庙从公元前15世纪到罗马时代一直被用作礼拜场所。在神庙最神圣的房间里，发现了15尊雕像的陶制碎片。每一尊都代表一位女神，而且曾经被涂上过色彩。其中一尊雕像的躯体是在公元前15世纪的遗迹中找到的。它那缺失的头颅恰好是在公元前5世纪的遗迹中发现的。这个头颅一定是在古典时代被发现并被精心保存起来的，即使在那时它也已十分古老和珍贵了。当考古学家把这些碎片重新拼凑起来后，他们惊奇地发现那位女神竟是一位非常时髦的女子。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰，身穿一条拖地长裙。尽管她年代久远，但确实十分优雅。不过迄今为止，考古学家们还未能确定她的身份。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 写作手法
1. **考古叙事结构**：发现→探索→推测→惊奇，层层递进
2. **古今对比**：古老的雕像与现代感的女子形成反差，"modern-looking"既是对外观的描述，也是一种幽默
3. **细节精确**：使用具体数字（15尊、3英尺、公元前15世纪等），增强学术可信度

### 文化背景
1. **爱琴海文明**：基亚岛位于爱琴海，是古希腊文明的重要区域，米诺斯文明和迈锡尼文明都发源于此。
2. **古典时代（Classical times）**：通常指公元前5-4世纪的古希腊黄金时期，是西方文明的奠基时代。
3. **女神崇拜**：古希腊宗教中女神占有重要地位，如雅典娜、阿佛洛狄忒等。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **被动语态**在学术写作中的运用
2. **must have done** 与 **may have done** 的区别
3. **despite / in spite of** 的用法
4. **turn out to be** 的含义与用法

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 要点 |
|------|------|
| 核心主题 | 考古发现——无名女神雕像 |
| 重点语法 | 被动语态、must have been推测、插入语 |
| 核心词汇 | archaeologist, prosperous, sacred, fragment, reconstruct, graceful |
| 写作特色 | 学术叙事风格、古今对比、数据精确 |
| 难点 | despite与although的区别；被动语态在学术语篇中的功能 |